TRUVADA: DAWA YA KUZUIA MAAMBUKIZI YA HIV

 

July 6 mwaka huu FDA (food and drug administration), U.S.A, wamepitisha dawa aina ya Tenofovir/emtrcitabine yenye jina la biashara TRUVADA kama dawa ya kupunguza uhatarishi wa maambukizi ya ukimwi.(PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS)

TRUVADA hunywewa kidonge kimoja mara moja kwa siku kwa wale tu ambao ambao hawana virus vya ukimwi (HIV NEGATIVE), na hii itapunguza hatari ya wao kupata virusi vya ukimwi hata wakijamiiana na mwenye virusi vya ukimwi. Aina hii ya unywaji hauruhusiwi kutumiwa kwa wale ambao tayari wanamaambukizi ya ukimwi(HIV POSITIVE) kwani kwa kufanya hivyo virusi vitajenga usugu wa dawa amboa utasumbua katika matibabu yake ya kupunguza makali ya virusi.

dawa hii pia hutumika kwa pamoja(in combination) na dawa zingine katika kupunguza makali ya ukimwi.

Kwenye mkutano wa 19 wa kimataifa wa UKIMWI wa kimataifa uliofanyika Washngton DC July mwaka huu iliagizwa kuwa dawa hii ianze kutumika duniani kote ndani ya miezi 3 ijayo hasa wakisisitiza upatikanaji wa dawa hii kwa nchi zinazoendelea ikiwemo TANZANIA.

pamoja na matumizi ya dawa hii ya kupunguza hatari ya kupata virus vya ukimwi lakini bado haizuii UKIMWI kwa aslimia 100. hivyo bado inashauriwa kuendelea kujilinda na maambukizi ya ukimwi kama matumizi ya kondom n.k

source TRUVADA.COM

Wanasayansi: Ukimwi siyo tishio tena duniani

WASEMA SILAHA ZOTE ZA KUKABILI VVU WANAZO, WAOMBA FEDHA WAINGIE KAZINI

WANASAYANSI mbalimbali wanaoendesha tafiti mbalimbali za kutafuta tiba na chanjo ya Ukimwi, wameitangazia dunia kuwa hatua waliyofikia sasa wanauona ugonjwa huo ‘siyo hatari tena’ kwa sababu wanazo silaha zote za kuweza kukabiliana nao.

 Ila wakasema, kinachowakwamisha ni ukosefu wa fedha ambazo zinahitajika katika kuendeleza tafiti na kuweka sera mpya za kukabili Virusi Vya Ukimwi (VVU) duniani.

 Hayo yalibainika kwenye siku ya pili ya Mkutano wa 19 wa Kimataifa wa Ukimwi unaofanyika mjini Washington DC, Marekani na unahudhuriwa na watu zaidi 22,000 miongoni mwao wakiwamo wataalamu wa afya, watunga sera na wadau wa mapambano dhidi ya ugonjwa huo toka karibu kila kona ya dunia...

..... “Kwa sasa tunazo silaha zote za kisayansi kumalizia mbali gonjwa hili la Ukimwi. Kilichobaki ni kutumia kikamilifu utaalamu huu katika fursa hii tuliyo nayo,” alisema Rais wa Taasisi ya Kijamii ya Kimataifa ya Mapambano dhidi ya VVU (IAS), Dk Elly Katabira...

.... Kauli ya wanasayansi hao imekuja baada ya miaka 30 ya kipindi kigumu cha kutafiti namna ya kupata chanjo au tiba ya ugonjwa huo ambao umeua mamilioni ya watu duniani, hususan wataalamu na nguvu kazi inayohitajika kuimarisha uchumi...

... Licha ya tafiti mbalimbali kuonyesha kuwa kuna kila dalili ya kupatikana kwa chanjo, miaka michache iliyopita, waligundua moja ya dawa zinazotumika kupunguza makali ya VVU (ARV) ijulikanayo kama Truvada, yenye uwezo wa kumkinga mwathirika kumwambukiza mpenzi wanayeshiriki naye tendo la ndoa.

Wiki chache zilizopita, Mamlaka ya Chakula na Dawa ya Marekani (FDA) iliidhinisha Truvada, ambayo ilianza kutumika sehemu mbalimbali duniani tangu mwaka 2004, kuwa ni tiba ya kuzuia kuenea kwa Virusi Vya Ukimwi (VVU).

Kwa mujibu wa maelezo ya FDA, mwathirika anayetumia dawa hiyo anaweza kujamiiana na mwenza wake ambaye hana VVU bila kutumia kondomu na hatomwambukiza.

Matokeo ya utafiti huo wa ARV yaliwahi kuchapishwa kwenye gazeti hili toleo la Februari 12, mwaka huu. Kwa mujibu wa FDA, Truvada inatarajia kuanza kutumika na kusambazwa duniani katika kipindi cha miezi mitatu ijayo.

 

source GAZETI MWANANCHI

BEN CARSON

VIDEO OF BENJAMIN CARSON  (PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGEON)

PERFORMING SURGERY

Benjamin Carson Date of birth: September 18, 1951

Benjamin Carson was born in Detroit, Michigan. His mother Sonya had dropped out of school in the third grade, and married when she was only 13. When Benjamin Carson was only eight, his parents divorced, and Mrs. Carson was left to raise Benjamin and his older brother Curtis on her own. She worked at two, sometimes three, jobs at a time to provide for her boys.

Benjamin and his brother fell farther and farther behind in school. In fifth grade, Carson was at the bottom of his class. His classmates called him "dummy" and he developed a violent, uncontrollable temper.

When Mrs. Carson saw Benjamin's failing grades, she determined to turn her sons' lives around. She sharply limited the boys' television watching and refused to let them outside to play until they had finished their homework each day. She required them to read two library books a week and to give her written reports on their reading even though, with her own poor education, she could barely read what they had written.

Within a few weeks, Carson astonished his classmates by identifying rock samples his teacher had brought to class. He recognized them from one of the books he had read. "It was at that moment that I realized I wasn't stupid," he recalled later. Carson continued to amaze his classmates with his newfound knowledge and within a year he was at the top of his class.

The hunger for knowledge had taken hold of him, and he began to read voraciously on all subjects. He determined to become a physician, and he learned to control the violent temper that still threatened his future. After graduating with honors from his high school, he attended Yale University, where he earned a degree in Psychology.

From Yale, he went to the Medical School of the University of Michigan, where his interest shifted from psychiatry to neurosurgery. His excellent hand-eye coordination and three-dimensional reasoning skills made him a superior surgeon. After medical school he became a neurosurgery resident at the world-famous Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. At age 32, he became the hospital's Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery.

In 1987, Carson made medical history with an operation to separate a pair of Siamese twins. The Binder twins were born joined at the back of the head. Operations to separate twins joined in this way had always failed, resulting in the death of one or both of the infants. Carson agreed to undertake the operation. A 70-member surgical team, led by Dr. Carson, worked for 22 hours. At the end, the twins were successfully separated and can now survive independently.

Carson's other surgical innovations have included the first intra-uterine procedure to relieve pressure on the brain of a hydrocephalic fetal twin, and a hemispherectomy, in which an infant suffering from uncontrollable seizures has half of its brain removed. This stops the seizures, and the remaining half of the brain actually compensates for the missing hemisphere.

In addition to his medical practice, Dr. Carson is in constant demand as a public speaker, and devotes much of his time to meeting with groups of young people. In 2008, the White House announced that Benjamin Carson would receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.

Dr. Carson's books include a memoir, Gifted Hands, and a motivational book, Think Big. Carson says the letters of "Think Big" stand for the following:

Talent: Our Creator has endowed all of us not just with the ability to sing, dance or throw a ball, but with intellectual talent. Start getting in touch with that part of you that is intellectual and develop that, and think of careers that will allow you to use that.

Honesty: If you lead a clean and honest life, you don't put skeletons in the closet. If you put skeletons in the closet, they definitely will come back just when you don't want to see them and ruin your life.

Insight: It comes from people who have already gone where you're trying to go. Learn from their triumphs and their mistakes.

Nice: If you're nice to people, then once they get over the suspicion of why you're being nice, they will be nice to you.

Knowledge: It makes you into a more valuable person. The more knowledge you have, the more people need you. It's an interesting phenomenon, but when people need you, they pay you, so you'll be okay in life.

Books: They are the mechanism for obtaining knowledge, as opposed to television.

In-Depth Learning: Learn for the sake of knowledge and understanding, rather than for the sake of impressing people or taking a test.

God: Never get too big for Him.

SOURCE:  CLICK HERE

Utafiti: karibu Nusu ya wanaume nchini wagumba

UTAFITI...uliofanywa na Chuo Kikuu cha Tiba Muhimbili kati ya mwaka 2009 na Septemba 2010 unaonyesha, asilimia 47.05 ya wanaume wanaokwenda kupima afya zao za uzazi, hawana uwezo wa kutungisha mimba.Malengo ya utafiti huo uliosimamiwa na Dk Henry Mwakyoma, yalikuwa ni kubaini ni kwa kiasi gani wanaume huweza kuathiriwa katika via vyao vya uzazi na hatimaye kushindwa kutungisha mimba.

 Utafiti huo  ulionyesha kati ya wanaume 221 waliopimwa, asilimia 30.03 walikuwa na mbegu dhaifu na asilimia 17.02 walikuwa hawana kabisa mbegu zenye uwezo wa kutungisha mimba, zaidi ya maji tu....
... “Nasisitiza kuwa, pengine mwanaume aliwahi kupata watoto hapo awali, lakini sasa hivi hapati, bado atakuwa mgumba,” alisema Dk Mwakyoma...

.....Sababu za ugumba

Mwakyoma alitaja sababu za ugumba kwa wanaume kuwa ni uambukizo katika tezi inayozalisha manii.
Alitaja sababu nyingine kuwa ni kemikali zinazoingia katika miili yetu, mionzi na wakati mwingine ajali inapoathiri tezi hiyo.

Dk Mwakyoma aliongeza kuwa, wanaoathirika zaidi ni wanaofanya kazi migodini, jeshini au wanaozungukwa na kemikali kwa muda mrefu.“Sababu nyingine ni joto kuzidi katika sehemu za siri za mwanaume, kubeba laptop, unene kupita kiasi na mazingira,”...

.....Shirika la Afya duniani (WHO) linathibitisha kuwa, ujazo wa manii anaopaswa kuwa nao mwanaume ili aweze kutungisha mimba ni  milligram moja na nusu hadi nne na nusu na kuongeza, “Ujazo wa manii  ukipungua au ukizidi  basi mbegu hizo zina matatizo” alisema Dk Mwakyoma.

Utafiti uliofanywa na WHO mwaka 2009 duniani, ulibainisha kuwa, mwanaume mmoja kati ya saba wanaofika kupima afya ya uzazi hugundulika na matatizo ya ugumba.

SOURCE: gazeti la MWANANCHI february 9, 2012

Bone marrow transplantation

Bone marrow transplantation

High doses of chemotherapy or radiation destroy not only cancer cells but also bone marrow, which is rich in blood-forming stem cells. In order to replace damaged marrow, stem cells are harvested from either the blood or the bone marrow of the cancer patient before therapy; cells also may be taken from a genetically compatible donor. In order to remove unwanted cells, such as tumour cells, from the sample, it is incubated with antibodies that bind only to stem cells. The fluid that contains the selected cells is reduced in volume and frozen until needed. The fluid is then thawed, diluted, and reinfused into the patient’s body. Once in the bloodstream, the stem cells travel to the bone marrow, where they implant themselves and begin producing healthy cells.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.